Kinesin Moves by an Asymmetric Hand-Over-Hand Mechanism

Kinesin Moves by an Asymmetric Hand-Over-Hand Mechanism Presentation This audit talks about the movement of kinesin, a twofold headed engine protein. An examination was directed to figure out which of two movement designs is the one which depicts the development of this protein: the inchworm model, or the hand-over-hand model. What is Kinesin? Kinesin is a protein in a class of engine proteins which are fueled by the hydrolysis of ATP †the particle answerable for moving synthetic vitality for digestion [1]. Kinesin ship enormous payload about cells by strolling along microtubules, hydrolysing one atom of ATP for every progression [2]. It has been proposed than the power of the protein official to the microtubule impels the load along [3]. Kinesin moves to the â€Å"plus† end of the microtubule, which means it ship the payload from the inside to the edge of the cell [4]. There is proof that some kinesins have a job in mitosis (cell division), by isolating microtubules or depolymerising them [5]. The Models The inchworm model depicts movement with one â€Å"arm† of the protein pushing ahead, trailed by the other, with the principal arm consistently in the number one spot. There are two sorts of inchworm movement, symmetric and unbalanced, which are appeared in the picture beneath. The symmetric model makes littler strides, so just each arm moves in turn. Unbalanced movement makes a solitary stride, at the center of which the two arms move. In the hand-over-hand model, exchanging arms push ahead over one another. In the symmetric case, the particle pivots a similar way unfailingly, however in the topsy-turvy case the atom turns in substituting headings. These models are appeared in the picture underneath. Fundamental Results The papers fundamental outcome shows that the kinesin protein moves utilizing a topsy-turvy hand-over-hand component. To arrive at this decision, an assortment of single particle tests were performed. They set up that the individual kinesin dimers make discrete strides indiscriminately spans along the microtubule, and may take upwards of one hundred 8 nm ventures before discharging. The development is processive, implying that the protein can make numerous back to back strides without discharging the substrate (the atom on which it acts †here, the microtubule). This movement exists in any event, when outer powers up to a few pN are applied, which shows some portion of the protein remains connected consistently. The dynamic piece of kinesin is made out of a dimer, with two indistinguishable overwhelming chains, each with a â€Å"head† connected to a typical tail. These chains join to a short â€Å"neck† made out of single polypeptide chains. The overwhelming chains are curled round one another to permit the revolution essential for the hand-over-hand model. This revolution is about the neck, however the movement of the heads turning would keep twisting, adding until the overwhelming chains would join into a typical tail, forestalling free pivot. An investigation was directed [6] demonstrating that no huge pivot happens of the tail during the venturing movement. For a symmetric model, an enormous revolution (around 180 degrees) was normal in the hand-over-hand models. The reason for the meaning of â€Å"symmetric† here was in three measurements: the structure of the kinesin and microtubule must be indistinguishable toward the beginning and end of every ATP hydrolytic cycle, aside from the two heads having traded places [6]. A case of this is essentially the dimer pivoting a large portion of an insurgency about a hub opposite to the microtubule each progression [7], thus the expectation for a turn of 180 degrees. Anyway this was precluded, and an inchworm model was proposed. In this, just one of the heads is dynamic in hydrolysis, yet the chance of an unbalanced hand-over-hand movement remained. This would imply that the head and neck move so that the general pivot of the tail is smothered, rather switching back and for th between two unmistakable structures [8]. How They Were Obtained The progression movement of individual local and recombinant (framed in the lab by joining hereditary material from various sources) kinesin particles was estimated, utilizing optical power clasp mechanical assembly. This procedure utilizes light from a firmly focussed laser to trap little, polarisable particles in a likely well close to the point of convergence [9]. It was discovered that the inherent venturing rates switched back and forth between two unique qualities for each progression, which means the particles â€Å"limped†. The distinction in steps suggests there was a rotation in basic atomic arrangements, which means the movement couldn't be completely symmetric, (for example, the inchworm and symmetric hand-over-hand movements ought to be). The disclosure of the limp, alongside other nano-mechanical properties, implies the protein moves with an awry hand-over-hand movement. Single particles of kinesin were connected to tiny dots, filling in as markers for position and as handles for outside powers. An optical snare was then used to catch the individual globules that diffused while conveying the kinesin, which were put close to the microtubules. This was while kinesin bound and moved. The movement was then followed utilizing nanometer level accuracy. A criticism controlled power light was utilized to apply a consistent in reverse burden during the movement, so as to diminish the Brownian changes and improve the spatiotemporal goals. It likewise took into account the kinesin to move further, making more strides, so as to show measurable hugeness. The Results A subordinate of Drosophila melanogaster kinesin (DmK401) was appeared to have a conspicuous limp, with enormous time contrasts in the means notwithstanding the stochastic nature (and resulting changeability). Factual examination indicated huge contrasts in the normal advance occasions for both moderate and quick advances. The spans of the means were then determined as Ï„slow = 136  ± 6 ms and Ï„fast = 24  ± 1 ms. The limp factor, L, would then be able to be determined as the proportion of the mean length of the moderate venturing time to the mean term of the quick venturing time. The circulation indicated huge limping for most of particles, yet there was wide variety in the outcomes. 63% of records demonstrated L > 4, and the normal was L = 6.45  ± 0.31. A few engines took numerous runs and had reliably higher limp components than others, yet the dissemination was expansive and the populaces couldn't be isolated of limping and non-limping atoms. Other kinesin particles, for example, the local squid kinesin, demonstrated practically no proof of limping †similar counts were applied as to DmK401, and the occasions were determined to be Ï„slow = 90  ± 4 ms and Ï„fast = 54  ± 2 ms. The thing that matters is a lot littler than that for DmK401. The limp appropriation was likewise seen as smaller, with the normal limp factor being L = 2.23  ± 0.14, just somewhat higher than the assessed an incentive for a non-limping particle, L ~ 1.8. The test was then finished with kinesin derivates of Drosophila which had expanding tail lengths. Longer stalks mean the engines are less inclined to limp. The biggest tail tried was that of DmK871, and this had a limp factor of L = 2.16  ± 0.17, which was vague from local squid kinesin. There was likewise a connection between's an expanding limp factor (in this way shorter stalks) and an expansion in trademark lifetime of the moderate advance time, though the quick advance stayed invariant. This recommends the limping originates from one head alone, and the other is unconcerned. A bacterial articulation of a subsidiary of human kinesin (HsK413) additionally limped, with limp factor = 2.98  ± 0.25, a lot more prominent than the local squid kinesin, yet at the same time under DmK401 and DmK448. Once in a while, squid kinesin particles appeared to limp, making anomalies †some of which limped reliably. Conversation As both local and bacterially communicated dimers from various species can limp, this conduct might be a consequence of a typical system portraying how all kinesin atoms move. The variation among short and long advance occasions during limping mirrors a shift between the natural rate (the rate with which the populace increments) and the time it takes to leave each stage where neither one of the heads is moving. This suggests the structure of the kinesin-microtubule complex is diverse toward the finish of consecutive advances. The system portraying the development of kinesin should in this manner be unbalanced, which means the sub-atomic arrangement switches after each progression. Symmetric systems, by definition, can't represent exchanging †inchworm models won't limp without extra (uneven) highlights, nor will symmetric hand-over-hand models. The detail of how kinesin engines move isn't notable or seen, so we can't see how limping could identify with the structure of the movement, yet there are a few recommendations dependent on the uneven hand-over-hand instrument. Limping could be brought about by misalignment of the tail loops, which means the necks would be various lengths, consequently the head with a shorter neck would require additional opportunity to locate the following restricting site utilizing a diffusional search and in general easing back the energy. Another alternative is that there could be finished or under-twisting of the loops from hand-over-hand movement, causing torsional asymmetry. The vitality required to loop or uncoil the tail would be decreased, changing the harmony and the rate with which the head pushes ahead. While there is no quick clarification for the impact whereby the shorter stalks bring about longer moderate venturing times, it might be joined into later investigations with further suspicions. In any case, these tests have demonstrated that more methodologies are required for single-atom investigations to respond to these inquiries. Regardless of the specific instrument not being known, the investigations do show that the kinesin engines limp, and making the topsy-turvy hand-over-hand component the most probable. For what reason is this Significant? This is an achievement in the field, as more detail can

How to Combine Arrays in Ruby

Step by step instructions to Combine Arrays in Ruby What is the most ideal approach to join clusters? This inquiry is very dubious and can mean a couple of various things. Link Link is to annex one thing to another. For instance, linking the exhibits [1,2,3] and [4,5,6] will give you [1,2,3,4,5,6]. This should be possible in a couple of courses in Ruby. The first is the in addition to administrator. This will annex one exhibit as far as possible of another, making a third cluster with the components of both. On the other hand, utilize the concat strategy (the administrator and concat technique are practically proportionate). On the off chance that youre doing a great deal of these tasks you may wish to stay away from this. Article creation isn't free, and all of these activities makes a third exhibit. In the event that you need to adjust a cluster set up, making it longer with new components you can utilize the administrator. In any case, in the event that you have a go at something like this, youll get a surprising outcome. Rather than the normal [1,2,3,4,5,6] cluster we get [1,2,3,[4,5,6]]. This bodes well, the affix administrator takes the item you give it and affixss it as far as possible of the cluster. It didnt know or care that you attempted to annex another exhibit to the cluster. So we can circle over it ourselves. Set Operations The world join can likewise be utilized to depict the set tasks. The fundamental set tasks of crossing point, association, and contrast are accessible in Ruby. Recollect that sets depict a lot of items (or in science, numbers) that are special in that set. For instance, if you somehow managed to do a set procedure on the cluster [1,1,2,3] Ruby will sift through that subsequent 1, despite the fact that 1 might be in the subsequent set. So know that these set tasks are not quite the same as rundown activities. Sets and records are in a general sense various things. You can take the association of two sets utilizing the | administrator. This is the or administrator, if a component is in one set or different, its in the subsequent set. So the consequence of [1,2,3] | [3,4,5] is [1,2,3,4,5] (recollect that despite the fact that there are two threes, this is a set activity, not a rundown activity). The crossing point of two sets is another approach to join two sets. Rather than an or activity, the convergence of two sets is an and activity. The components of the resultant set are those in the two sets. Furthermore, being an and activity, we utilize the administrator. So the consequence of [1,2,3] [3,4,5] is basically [3]. At long last, another approach to join two sets is to take their distinction. The distinction of two sets is the arrangement of all articles in the primary set that isn't in the subsequent set. So [1,2,3] - [3,4,5] is [1,2]. Zipping At long last, there is zipping. Two exhibits can be zipped together joining them in a somewhat one of a kind way. Its best to simply show it first, and clarify after. The consequence of [1,2,3].zip([3,4,5]) is [ [1,3], [2,4], [3,5] ]. So what occurred here? The two clusters were joined, the principal component being a rundown of all components in the main situation of the two exhibits. Zipping is somewhat of a bizarre activity and you may not discover a lot of utilization for it. Its motivation is to join two clusters whose components intently relate.

Fall Transfer Update Part II - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Fall Transfer Update Part II - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Fall Transfer Update Part II As I stated last week, I will try to post a weekly update about Fall transfers and how the process is going. Since tomorrow is a furlough day, I will be out of the office an unable to see what is going on with the numbers, and our evaluation team will also be out. As such, I am giving you an update today. Our evaluation team is moving along at a very rapid pace, and we are almost at the same point in time decision wise as last year for transfer students. Over 700 admit decisions have gone out, and over 1,000 decisions as a whole have been made (admit and deny). Taking into account the overall numbers and the number of incomplete applicants, it looks like we have made decisions on just over half of the actionable applicants (files with all materials submitted to UGA). The evaluation team is averaging roughly 60-80 decisions a day, and I project that we will have almost all Fall transfer decisions out by the end of the third week of May. Again, due to all of the different variables of each applicant, I cannot guess as to when a student will hear a decision, or what exact date we are working on at this time. Please be patient with us as we try to close out the decisions over the next several weeks. Go Dawgs!

Hurricane Names List for 2014

Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2014. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricane Naming Conventions Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. The 2014 hurricane name list is the same as the 2008 hurricane name list with the exception of three names that were devastating hurricanes in 2008 and thus retired. Gustav was replaced by Gonzalo, Ike was replaced by Isaias, and Paloma was replaced by Paulette. 2014 Hurricane Names ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGonzaloHannaIsaiasJosephineKyleLauraMarcoNanaOmarPauletteReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred

World War II The Great War - 1105 Words

Embroiling most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East and other regions, World War One pitted the Central Powers--mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey--against the Allies--mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war was virtually unprecedented in the slaughter, carnage and destruction it caused. World War 1 also known as â€Å"the Great War† was a horrifying, bloody four year conflict that killed some fourteen million people, collapsed empires and redrew large parts of the world’s map. †Though tensions had been brewing in Europe–and especially in the troubled Balkan region–for years before conflict†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Militarism, nationalism and imperialism played major roles in the conflict. They were not separate, they were all connected in one way or another. However the immediate cause of the war lay in the decision taken by statesmen and generals during the crisis of 1914.The crisis came after a lengthy and troublesome series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers over Europe and colonial issues in the decades before 1914 that had left tension high. In turn, these diplomatics clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1867. The more immediate cause for the war was tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the Great Powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties. World War 1 causes is one of the most studied in world history. There have been many interpretations and speculations about the events that led up to World War 1 but never-the-less, many lives were lost. The United States played a critical role in the outcome of World War 1. The U.S. tried very hard to remain neutral because they viewed the conflict as an affair that didn’t involve the United States. Woodrow Wilson, announced the neutrality policy adopted by America between the years 1914-1917. WilsonShow MoreRelatedWorld War II : The Great War1083 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War II The devastation left by the Great War (aka World War 1) had greatly destabilized Europe, and in many aspects World War II grew out of issues left unresolved by the conflicts of WW1. In particular, political and economic instability in Germany left by the harsh punishments and terms imposed by the Versailles Treaty, fueled the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. In the years between the first and second world wars there was a time of great instability with aRead MoreWorld War II : The Great War1334 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II The devastation of the Great War (as World War I was known at the time) had greatly destabilized Europe, and in many respects World War II grew out of issues left unresolved by that. In particular, political and economic instability in Germany and lingering resentment over the harsh terms imposed by the Versailles Treaty, fueled the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi) Party. The years between the first and second world wars were a time of instability duringRead MoreWorld War II : The Great War884 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War 1 also known as The Great War started for a number of explanations; discrimination and imperialism, militarism nationalism, and alliance. According to the World of information imperialism is the policy which is expanding the country’s power and acquiring new land or countries by force. Militarism is when a country wants to preserve the strongest and most defensive military strength. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire where central powers of WW1 but the allied powers where FranceRead MoreWorld War II : The World s Second Great War960 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II-- also known as The Holocaust / The Genocide -- was the world s second Great War . World War II was much more larger in scale and more longer in duration. World War I had only lasted for four years, while World War II had lasted for six years. I f ind it quite interesting that contrary to popular belief; the United States did not enter World War II until 2 years after the genesis of the conflict. It was only in 1941, when the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor that the United StatesRead MoreWorld War II And The Great Depression1658 Words   |  7 Pages The highly numbered risks of war have rigorous effects on societies around the world. World War II had positive and negative effects during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creating more jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was alreadyRead MoreWorld War II : The Great Depression1543 Words   |  7 PagesDanielle Gentry Gary Damon American History II 10:00 MWF 25 April 2016 World War II Two decades after the first World War happen another world war occurred known as World War II. There were many causes that led up to this war. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I, but Germany had to accept the responsibility of the war. Therefore, Germany economy went downhill and people were starving because of war debt. The Great Depression had a big effect on a lot of countries; therefore, countries startedRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagescatastrophes occurred: the Great Depression and World War II. American political leaders established a cause-effect relationship between economic collapse and total war, based on these two events, which defined their policy approach in the post-war period. In the 1930s, American leadership, and most importantly, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, came to view economic decline, political radicalization, and instability as forming a vicious cycle that led to utter chaos and war. Although FDR d id not knowRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1507 Words   |  7 PagesFaced with the Great Depression and World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt, nicknamed â€Å"FDR,† guided America through its greatest domestic crisis, with the exception of the Civil War, and its greatest foreign crisis. His presidency—which spanned twelve years—was unparalleled, not only in length but in scope. FDR took office with the country mired in a horrible and debilitating economic depression that not only sapped its material wealth and spiritual strength, but cast a pall over its future. RooseveltRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II1280 Words   |  6 PagesSisters of Growth Throughout the beginning of time people have used art to express themselves. With each major, and minor, there is an artist that captures the world as it is around him. There are also artists that create fiction to give the world and escape from reality. The medium of art that will be discussed in this essay will be film. Since the invention of Thomas Jefferson kinecto graph and the Lumiere brothers cinemtograph, films have continued to be the most popular entertainment methodsRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II955 Words   |  4 PagesIn America, the period between the Great Depression and World War II was rife with uncertainty. The struggles of the Great Depression were over, but their lasting effects shed doubt on America’s future. Persephone, was an attempt by Thomas Hart Benton in 1939 to cement regionalism as the official American art style during this era. However, despite his attempt to promote hope in America’s future, while still acknowledging the despair of the Great Depression, Persephone was regarded as obscene. Regionalism

Why Do Primates Free Their Hands How Is Walking Upright...

Walking upright with two legs is a common daily phenomenon, however, the ability of moving with only two legs is the result of millions of years of evolution and adaptation. During the process of human evolution, the appearance of bipedalism, which describes the terrestrial locomotion where animals move with their rear limbs in the form of walking, hopping or running, is considered as one of the major steps that sets Hominin group apart from other primates. Even though the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism has major drawbacks that sacrifice the flexibility and prevent bipeds to effectively practice arboreal locomotion, it provides a new form of locomotion and frees both hands to be capable of completing other projects while†¦show more content†¦Another explanation of bipedalism is that walking upright reduce the energy consumption. Michael Sokol, a professor from University of California, Davis, David Raichlen, a professor from University of Arizona, Tucson, and H erman Pontzer, a professor from Washington University, St. Louis, conduct an experiment that examines the energy consumption level for both humans and adult chimpanzees. Their studies suggest that â€Å"early transitional forms would have reaped some energy savings with minor increases in hip extension and leg length.† According the research, they also conclude that energetics is an important factor in the evolution of bipedalism and the improved efficiency of locomotion â€Å" may accrued very early within the hominin lineage.† Methods As Lovejoy indicates that males need their hands to carry food for their partners and offsprings, so that bipedalism starts to appear. This hypothesis is hard to prove, however, logically speaking, carrying highly energy-rich food such as nuts or fruits is beneficial to the group and community. A study conducted in West Africa suggests that early hominids walk upright to carry resources away from other competitors. Researchers provide piles of oil palm and nuts to 11 chimpanzees, who prefer the nuts. According to the research, the chimps are four times more likely to walk upright with two legs, so that they are able to

Rock and Roll Hall of the Frame

Questions: This particular assignment is based on the application of Rock and roll Hall of the Frame and Museum revisited (BoveÃÅ' e Thill, 2012). The researcher of this particular museum is Todd Mesek. Todd Mesek asked the analyst to prepare a questionnaire based on the computer interactive about the weekday visitor as compared with weekend visitors. There are different kinds of factors, which the analyst needs to develop while conducting the research work and research procedure. (Kotler Armstrong, 2012).Q1) What is your age? Q2) What is your gender? Q3) Where do you stay? Q4) How frequently you visit to the museum? Q5) What are your views and recommendations on the proceedings of the museum? Based on the case study the analyst has developed these particular questions, which will help to relate the things in the research network Answers: a.The concept of the data collection method is very much important for any kind of management in order develop business plans and business strategies as per the requirements of the consumers. In the auditing procedure, the analyst will develop a set of questionnaire based on the key factors such as age of the visitors, family income of the visitors, locality of the visitors etc based on the research questions (Dignen McMaster, 2013). b.The second question is to determine the preparation of the right questions in order to support the entire auditing procedure with supportive information. This will include the concept of develop question based on the family income of the consumers, age of the visitors, locality of the visitors, etc (Guffey Loewy, 2013). Question 4 is very much important in this particular point. c.The analyst needs to develop all the question based on the research work and research procedure in a bias free manner (Murphy, Laczniak Prothero, 2012)d.The analyst needs to develop all the questions based on the research work and research procedure. Both open ended and close-ended question are required by the analyst to develop these questions (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Open-ended questions means the required questions that the analyst needs to prepare in order to collect opinion form the visitors which is required for the development of the museum on the other hand the close ended questionnaire are required by the authority to gather different kinds of views on the proceedings of the business. The first four questions are open-ended questions. e.All the required questions, which are developed by the researcher covers both the concept of open ended and close ended areas of the management. Elimination is not required by the analyst to conduct the entire research work and research proceedings. All the questions are prepared by the researcher in order to complete the entire research proceedings based on the requirements of the research work (Guffey Loewy, 2013). Product Based on the current scenario and current structure the researcher has contracted the above questionnaire. This particular questionnaire will help the museum authority to develop all the major future strategies. The entire data collection procedure is very much helpful in the research proceedings. This particular case study is based on opening a yogurt store in Greenville, North Carolina. North Carolina is a part of United States. The researcher has been asked to conduct the research procedure to conclude about the feasibility of opening a frozen yogurt store in this particular area of the United States (Dignen McMaster, 2013). a. TCYB is one of the most popular Yogurt store in the entire United Sates based on the current statistical report of the Yogurt sale in this particular area the entire sales ration has increased up to 24 percent annually which is 37% of the entire annual production (Dignen McMaster, 2013). b.The cultural and demographic factor of this particular area is a bit different as compared with other areas of United States. The maximum population lies between the age group of 18 to 24 years. Around 40% of the entire population is in between this particular age group. This is a particular place, which will be ideal in order to organize the business structure of Yogurt (Locker Kienzler, 2013). |c. The per capita income of Carolina is nearly $24,745 per year. d. The name of the president of TCBY is Frank D. The address of the president of TCBY is 2425W.2D Street, Kings Brooklyn Network City, The Unites of America. This particular area of the United States has humid sub tropical climatic conditions. With hot summers and mild winters is the main character of the climatic conditions. Tropical cyclones, afternoon, and thunderstorm due to hot and humid conditions are very frequently. Tornado occasionally happens in the month of November (Dignen McMaster, 2013).There are 10,000 students are present in the East California university as per the statistical report of 2011.The concept of the yogurt is very much popular in the entire United States Nation. The marketing condition of the United States maintains a good infrastructure (Thill BoveÃÅ' e, 2013). The market share of TCBY tops $723 million as per the statistical report around 18% of the total market share of Yogurt in USA.The current journal relating to the present study is Fat is back. The rise of creamy yogurt in 2nd June 2015 which is a wall street journal (Byron, 2015).To show the daily sales of the small computer business, it is essent ial to use various visual aids such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint, as these visual tools have various recommended and specialized features to represent the sales figure along with various other important statistics such as price, quantity and distribution channels.The person, who will be using those visual aid must follow certain rules such as avoid using lesser pointer.Many leading organizations and researchers all throughout the world appreciate this visual aid such as Microsoft PowerPoint (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). In addition, these visual aids have many features that make the presentation more attractive and interactive for attracting the attention of the audiences. This particular part is based on the data collection procedure of the company.Both Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint have the functionality to represent the statistical figures, charts using pictorial format, which are unique and attractive for many users. The comparisons are very much negligibl e as compared with different sales record of the three quartile. The entire difference is only 5 percentThese aids all have the functionality to represent various statistical presentations for the users to follow. In addition, the visual aids are also useful in case if there is any need of sound or audio presentation. The office is build across the major cities of the United States.Finally, these visual aids have the functionality to prepare any calculation or statistical measurements accurately (Dignen McMaster, 2013). These visual aids are mostly compatible to all the windows systems. The sales volume has increased 15 percent as compared with previous year.Average annual rainfall is also determined by using this particular software. The major cities like New York have a rainfall of 1268 mm per season. Los Angles 326 mm and followed by Houston 1264mm per season. The following table shows the average rainfalls in the major cities of USA. Figure1: Average rainfall in the major cities of USA (Source: Currentresults.com, 2015) NAME: AGE: GENDER: OCCUPATION: ANNUAL INCOME: DO YOU HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT? DO YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE BANK ACCOUNT? IN WHICH BANK YOU HAVE ACCOUNT(s)? ARE YOU A CREDIT OR DEBIT CARD HOLDER? DO YOU HAVE ANY INVESTMENT? HAVE YOU TAKEN ANY LOAN? IF YES, THEN WHAT TYPE OF LOAN YOU HAVE TAKEN? WHICH BANK WOULD YOU PREFER IN FUTURE? DO YOU HAVE ANY ACCOUNT IN TRI-CITY BANK? DO YOU HAVE ANY INVESTMENT IN TRI-CITY BANK? WHICH BANK DO YOU PREFER MOST? It is assumed that, the total number of respondents who checked each alternative is 50. a) To present the information in Question 1 that can be collected from the questionnaire, no table is needed. b) Cross tabulation is generally done to check the correlation between two or more categorical variable. Here a cross tabulation can be done between AGE, GENDER and OCCUPATION to check particularly which group in terms of age, gender and occupation have more banking habits. c) Question 4 in the questionnaire is about occupation of the respondents. The information related to this question can be represented in the following way, OCCUPATION NUMBER OF THE RESPONDENTS DIRECTOR 1 FINANCER 1 MAKEUP ARTIST 10 FLOOR MANAGER 10 ASSISTANT MANAGER 2 MAKE UP ARTIST 5 LIGHTMAN 7 FOOD MANAGER 2 CAMERA ARTIST 5 SECURITY GURD 2 The appropriate title of the table is OCCUPATION STRUCTUTRE OF THE BROADWAY PRODUCTION SECTION2: a) An effective talking heading is Job and an effective generic heading is Occupation. b) Effective topic sentence Job Structure of the Broadway Production. c) From the table it can be seen that, almost all the employees of the Broadway Production has small income. Therefore, it can be said that, the Tri-city Bank should offer some investment plan to these employees, which needs very minimum capital. d) Most of the employees now prefer to open account in the Tri-city bank as this bank offers more interest to the customers with relatively low income. In addition, this bank has some attractive investment plans, which the bank customers with very little income can afford. An example of such plan is by investing only 5 dollar per month, the customer can get 10000 dollar after 2 year. Due to the low premium rate, the employees of the Broadway production can access this investment plan. For these reasons, they have changed their banks. Reference List BoveÃÅ' e, C., Thill, J. (2012).Business communication today. Boston: Pearson. Byron, E. (2015).Fat is Back...The Rise of Creamy Yogurt.WSJ. Retrieved 5 September 2015, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/fat-is-back-the-rise-of-creamy-yogurt-1433274871 Currentresults.com, (2015).Average Annual Precipitation by City in the US - Current Results. [online] Available at: https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/US/average-annual-precipitation-by-city.php [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. Dignen, B., McMaster, I. (2013).Effective international business communication. London: Collins. Guffey, M., Loewy, D. (2013).Essentials of business communication. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Locker, K., Kienzler, D. (2013).Business and administrative communication. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Moll, M. (2012).The quintessence of intercultural business communication. Berlin: Springer. Murphy, P., Laczniak, E., Prothero, A. (2012).Ethics in marketing. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Thill, J., BoveÃÅ' e, C. (2013).Excellence in business communication. Boston: Pearson.

The Foundations of Rap Music Essay Example For Students

The Foundations of Rap Music Essay Expression, slang characterization, and boastful rhyming often describe the genre known as rap music. Rap music was originally recognized as traditional storytelling in the late 1970s. It was discovered by DJs and disc jockeys in New York clubs where people did not come to just dance but to listen to the interesting new style of music. Although rap did not flourish until the late 1970s, it is said that rap extends as far back as the period of slavery. It was used as a form of expression for the oppressed African Americans that were forced to leave their home land and work in the fields of a â€Å"white† owner. Rap music was accompanied by beat boxing, break dancing and interpretative dance. Rap music is explained through different expressions but not all rap songs are alike. Songs like â€Å"Staring Out of My Rearview Mirror† by Tupac and Lil Wayne’s â€Å"Mirror† are both associated with rap music but they still have their differences. We will write a custom essay on The Foundations of Rap Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lyrics like â€Å"Multiple gunshots fill the block, the fun stops/Niggaz is callin cops, people shot, nobody stops/I wonder when the world stopped caring last night/Two kids shot while the whole block staring†(Tupac) and â€Å"With everything happening today/You dont know whether youre coming or going/But you think that youre on your way/Life lined up on the mirror dont blow it†(Lil Wayne) are one of the things that make the music of Tupac and Lil Wayne different. Although, Tupac is said to be an inspiration to Lil Wayne their messages within these songs are different. Tupac talks about his surroundings and life while Lil Wayne reminisces on friendship and loyalty. Tupac says, â€Å"(They got me) starin at the world through my rearview/Go on baby scream to God, he cant hear you/I can feel your heart beatin fast cause its time to die (we)/Gettin high, watchin time fly, and all my motherfuckers. † He talks about life and the things he goes through throughout his life along with the stresses life brings. Life constantly has you looking through your review mirror or watching your soundings. Rap artists like Tupac and Lil Wayne speak what they are feeling and relate it to relevant situations in the art of combining words of expression. Rap music causes the mind to think thoroughly. Rap music may be simple, but it does have the mind thinking although many rappers have meaningless lyrics and have violent slurs in their approach to rap music in order to boost sells and create a false image in the music industry. However, some rappers tell a story through their verbal ability. Some rappers use an excessive amount of detail in their songs to get their points across. They provide you with a mental picture to go off of. Rap music finds a way to draw attention and it has accomplished the task of getting people to have a reaction of some sort. Although many parents believe that rap music is the leading cause of violence in today’s society, rap music is a form of expression and release. Rap can help relieve stress in many situations that teens or â€Å"young† American faces. Writing is a form of release. Teens encounter a lot of situations where they feel as though they do not have anyone to talk with to discuss their problems so they turn to rap music. They use that form of expression to release the anger they have built up. Whatever pinned up or suppressed feelings teens may have, they associate it with rap music. Rap music is among any form of music that is accessible to relieve stress and other mental strains.

buy custom Domestic Uses of Relational Technology essay

buy custom Domestic Uses of Relational Technology essay For the past decades, relational technology has been perceived to be the most sufficient domestic data management system in the world and the data management foundation for information processing in the business entity. In order to accomplish the superpower nature and meet the rapid technological advancement in the economy, the US government needs to encourage its citizens to appreciate and put into use the relational technology for domestic uses. One challenge facing the entire economy in the US is the development of effective system in which decision making, by the relevant authority, will be relied on, managing of data resulting from this decision made and the communication of the information derived to the relevant groups (Alagi%u0107, 2001). The complexity and scope of these processes have grown and the inadequacy in pressure sensitivity has become apparent. Individuals need to focus their attention to other income generating activities therefore the use of relational technology will ease the situation. The creation of relational technology database will imply that there is effective communication and data management in the sector. Relational technology enhances efficient and timely report writing in the organization. Earlier on, the information processing system was based on a huge data access and mainframe systems which were limited to the IT professionals in mst of its undertakings. Databases that were available were majorly homegrown, and in order to effectively retrieve data, comprehensive database knowledge was required. In the case where users needed special report, drafting will be done by only the IT specialist. The implementation of the relational technology will minimize these inconveniences in the organization and provide relevant information to the management which will be used in decision making (Alagi%u0107, 2001). The current change in the economy has fostered for competition in the markets in order to acquire large market share. An organization needs to be competitively advantageous in an attempt to realize its strategic goals. Relational technology has enhanced availability of information to interest groups in the economy so as to satisfactorily market their activities. This is seen by companies producing up-to-date records of its financial statements. Relational technology has introduced the report writers who are user friendly as they entirely rely on SQL in data documentation, that is, the query language which is introduced by the relational technology (Sumathi, 2007). The users of the system will be able to produce their ad hoc queries concerning the database and file the reports effectively and within the stipulated timeframe. Simplicity in the operations and presentation of the organizational data is guaranteed. Unlike in thee past, organizations were not able to effectively simplify their data for use by both the corporate entity and the non-conversant client concerning the applied techniques. Trends of the organizational operability and the graphical representation of the financial statements are attributed to SQL system in the relational technology. SQL system enhances consistent use of the language in which varied questions concerning the diverse nature of data can be easily asked. SQL functions by analyzing the data provided in a standardized and simpler format; table containing only columns and rows. The simplicity of data documentation, however, came with a severe price. The inherency of the complexity in the relationships between the real world data does not, naturally, fit into the designed columns and rows. Therefore, data produced is usually fragmented into many tables where they are joined in order to effectively complete simple operations. Therefore, basing on the above facts on the importance of relational technology in the changing US economy, most business organizations will articulate to relational technology in an attempt to be competitively advantage in the economy. As such, management should be technological savvy in its operations and this will be achieved by incorporating the desired relational technology in the organization in order to realize its strategic goal and objectives. Buy custom Domestic Uses of Relational Technology essay

Street Gangs in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Street Gangs in America - Essay Example The social relationships of gangs provide teenagers a sense of belonging, an especially important need for developing adolescents. In many neighborhoods, youths are actively recruited or intimidated into joining gangs and seemingly have little choice. â€Å"A few [teens] are virtually born into gangs as a result of neighborhood traditions and their parents’ earlier and perhaps continuing gang participation or involvement in criminal activity† (Moore, 1978). The gang offers disenfranchised youths experiencing feelings of isolation that are also wavering between their native and adopted cultures and connected to neither, a family-like affiliation. These are many reasons that young people join gangs, all of which are relatively easy to understand. Therefore, this discussion will focus on the gangs themselves, their motivations, characteristics, general make-up and current trends concerning street gang activity in America. The typical age range of gang members is 12 to 24 years old with an average age of about 17 to 18 years, but this average is generally older in cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles where gangs have been in existence longer (Curry & Decker, 1998). While the numbers of younger gang members are growing, the average age of members is also increasing. Gangs are progressively becoming proportionately older as they increase in total size throughout the country. Not surprisingly, male gang members well outnumber women by a large percentage, a disparity that widens as the members become older. Gangs differ in size depending on the types of criminal activity associated with the gang. â€Å"Traditional (large, enduring, territorial) gangs average about 180 members, whereas specialty (e.g., drug trafficking) gangs average only about 25 members. In large cities, some gangs number in the thousands and even tens of thousands† (Block & Block,

Advancements in Communications The Use of Cloud Computing Research Paper

Advancements in Communications The Use of Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss various concepts of communication and its emerging factors in cloud environment. This paper will also outline the implications of cloud computing in communications. Cloud Computing  and Communications Cloud computing is one of the emerging concepts in telecom sector. In addition, cloud computing has successfully changed the dimensions of communication (Weiss; Koehler, Kraemer and Anandasivam). In today’s global world where new standards and technologies are offered and changed everyday each and every organization is trying its level best to make use of cloud computing. Additionally, the idea of cloud computing is already adopted in various fields. According to a research, cloud environment will be adopted in a large number of corporations and enterprises in upcoming years. In fact, cloud computing is already been adopted in various sectors such as communication and information technology which resulted in significant growth and profit generation (Phuk an). In this way the telecom sector is much energized about the scenario of cloud environment. In addition, the telecom sector will acquire numerous competitive advantages from networking operations along with modern technological aspects. Hence it will become easy for them to play an imperative role in the rapid growing world of cloud computing environment (Phukan). Cloud computing generally  offers a lot of convincing benefits for common users and organizations that used it, such as it is useful in many ways. It facilitates organizations with the cost of operations performed reduced capital and scalability according to our demands. So we are in right opinion towards business concerning matters to take full fledging advantage of the on-going computing resources and services according to our demands, collectively known as â€Å"the cloud†. Without a doubt, Cisco is a leading network oriented company is working with other industry leaders on joint venture to develop and expa nd protocols and standards that are useful in transformation of the long-term vision the Inter-Cloud form, today into reality. If the Cisco joint venture happens then it will make considerable changes in the cloud environment, further than the technology directions must change in this regard. The IT-related organizations, and how IT (information technology) mechanism with various business units, have to acclimatize as well, or organizations would not achieve what they desire from the cloud computing (Nations; Ingthorsson). If we research the Cloud Computing like both a service delivery model and technology concept, particularly according to its networking point of view, and also its various implications indeed. We already have studied the existing and promising technologies related to networks usually used in the Cloud computing, either in internal level or in external, it may include various aspects that correspond to WAN (wide area network) technologies as well as Data hub/centre interconnections. If we analyze the both Long-distance interconnections (MAN and WAN), the overall spectrum between information centers are visibly based on IP (internet protocol) standards that are used over the ATM (auto transit machine), Ethernet, SDH/ SONET and further recently, on MPLS with QoS as well as interconnection that have local capabilities.  

Dementia care

Dementia care ‘The public outdoor world is rarely conceived of as an appropriate setting for a person with dementia’: Critically discuss this statement with reference to your reading and practice or caring experience. Use at least one case study or vignette of up to 350 words taken from your practice or caring experience. This should support your argument and illustrate either the opportunities and/or the challenges of accessing the outdoors. Assignment to be: 2500 words People with dementia have the right to a dignified, healthy, safe, and friendly environment where they are treated as equals regardless their increasing age or diminishing capabilities. (Mitchell et el., 2004). They can still maintain their abilities to cope independently throughout the early or mild stages of dementia. They still have the desire to stay independent and have control over their own lives. It is essential for people with dementia to experience regular mental and physical exercise to keep their minds and bodies active and to maintain social contact. If the streets in their neighbourhoods are not designed to meet their needs they will be trapped in their homes, because their previously safe and secure neighbourhood changed into a harmful and dangerous environment. There is an increasing need improve urban design through the Local Planning Authorities, as such urban planners should take in consideration the implication of not only normal ageing but they should enable indi viduals with various types of cognitive impairments to maintain their independence (Burton Mitchell, 2006). Effects and challenges of dementia Physical, mental, and psychological changes are due to the ageing process, and can encompasses several slight impairments in hearing, vision, ability, mobility, and memory. These affect elder individual’s ability to live in their surroundings with ease. This is even more difficult for individuals with dementia because they have to cope with both the normal ageing effects and the challenges of dementia that cause a threat to their personhood and result in the loss of identity (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Chaudhury, 2008). Dementia pose a number of behavioural, personality, and cognitive changes for example restlessness, agitation, depression, and anxiety. There is a typical decline in physical and mental abilities. They develop a typical style of mobility in the form of an unsteady shuffling pace with a stooped posture, always looking down and as such they are not aware of their surroundings. Dementia also result in sensory impairment which can include hearing and vision. Colour ag nosia is often intensified by dementia, dark colours and combinations thereof is difficult to distinguish. There might also be impaired depth perception, sharp colour contrasts or patterns on the ground will be interpreted as steps or holes, shiny or reflective surfaces looks slippery and wet, buzzy designs or repetitive lines will cause dizziness and that can result in trips or falls. The mental decline in dementia is permanent and incurable, it might progress gradually and result in unpredictable physical deterioration. During the mild to moderate stages their short-term memory is very fragile and their long-term memory remains acute (Burton Mitchell, 2006). Negative feelings The statement, ‘The public outdoor world is rarely conceived of as an appropriate setting for a person with dementia’ said it all. â€Å"There are currently over 750,000 people with dementia in the UK and this is predicted to rise to about 870,000 by 2010 and over 1, 8 million by 2050†. (Burton Mitchell, 2006, p. 27). But people with dementia is disabled and disempowered by the unfriendly and unsafe environment, it does not meet their cognitive impairment needs, which is ignored. Accessibility for these individuals have become a huge problem, there is positive transformations for normal disabilities but not effective enough to take into consideration the different barriers for individuals with dementia and their unique impairments. Burton and Mitchell (2006) found that individuals with dementia experience negative feelings that include fearfulness and anxiety. This is due to the fear associated with their decline in mobility and vision. Burton and Mitchell also i ndicated the complications and risks presented by existing city environments for instance irregular paving, poor seating, no shelter, steep inclines, a lack of signposting, and bicycles on footpaths. The psychological and social difficulties are also serious obstacles for example, poor bus services, inaccessibility of local shops, insufficiency of toilet services, and the possibility of getting lost. Constant noise of heavy traffic flow disturbs the person with dementia’s hearing and has an influence on their concentration. Unexpected, loud sounds often frighten them. Another ‘no-go’ facility is the moving stairways in any public building, it hinders a person with dementia who suffers vision-impairment to judge the stairways distance and speed. (Blackman et al. 2010) Vignette The above findings support the caring experience in my practice in that the public outdoor world is not an appropriate setting for a person with dementia, they do experience obstacles and challenges on a daily basis when accessing the outdoors as proven in my vignette: One of the residents, Mr X, in my care setting has been experiencing Schizophrenia for many years and he has also diagnosed with Vascular Dementia. He was from the local area and very familiar with the neighbourhood and community and is well known by some of the locals. He had free access in and out of the Care Home for many years but recently we received a phone call from a local shop that informed us that Mr X had lashed out towards one of their staff members who approached him to support and guide him. At one stage Mr X entered a private property without consent. He also developed some injuries on his lower legs and hands and also got on the wrong public transport. It was not very pleasant to involve the police to locate Mr X and to guide him back to his own home. After observing Mr X’s change in behaviour we determined that there was a deterioration in his physical and mental functioning, for example he could not remember where a toilet facility was available and used the ally of the local shop. He also entered a private property because that was his previous home. Due to the uneven walkways he also tripped and fell, injuring his legs and hands. Furthermore, Mr X could not read or understand the electronic screen at the bus stop causing him to use the wrong public transport. We had to involve Mr X’s General Practitioner to review his medical treatment and according to the legislation we had to redo his risk assessments. Out of experience and observation we are aware that a person with dementia experience bad days and good days, and it can be problematic to specify at what stage their dementia has developed. But Mr X still has the capacity to make his own decisions and as such he decided to continue with his daily visits to the local neighbourhood as normal. We understand and support his decision, because this daily routine ‘walk about’ was very vital to maintain his self-respect, independence, and his quality of life. However, Mr X agreed to inform staff when he is leaving the facility and when he can be expected back, following the internal home policy to keep him safe and secure. Positive transformations As mentioned above there was positive transformations for normal disabilities, the UK Disability Discrimination Act updated in 2005 affected a change in attitudes towards design for disability in order to meet the needs of anyone with disability. Accessibility has become the most important problem because of the increasing population of older individuals and more positive attitudes towards disability in general. Recently the mission for dementia friendly communities received an enhancement from the Prime Minister’s Challenge on dementia: a national challenge. In his challenge the Prime Minister highlighted three key areas (see Prime Minister’s Challenge, 2012, p.5) Driving improvements in health and care. Creating dementia friendly communities that understand how to help. Better research. Mitchell (2012) identified only six projects that have addressed the dementia-friendly design of neighbourhoods. That includes a three year research project, which was sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Individuals with dementia and older people in the community were directly involved, through escorted walks around their own neighbourhoods and in depth interviews. During the research the neighbourhoods were measured, mapped, and evaluated by using a developed checklist of environmental features. This research identified six key design principles that are necessary and required to make the streets and neighbourhoods more dementia friendly. The streets need to be safe, comfortable, accessible, familiar, legible, and distinctive (Burton Mitchell, 2006). Familiarity The roads and outdoor environments and features should be recognisable and easily understandable by older individuals, especially for the person with dementia who experience confusion, spatial disorientation, and memory difficulties. Individuals with dementia do not recognise modernistic unfamiliar designs, they are used to traditional designs with the main entrance facing the street with normal swinging doors and not revolving or sliding doors. They also fail to recognise modern designed street furniture, for example modern bus shelters, telephone boxes, or an automated ‘Superloo’ (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). To achieve familiarity in the outdoor environment the following can be done. Long-established streets can be maintained, local styles, materials, and forms should be used for new developments, and any changes should be incremental and on a minor-scale (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). Legibility Legible roads refers to an easy to recognise network of directions and junctions with simple, obvious signs and noticeable, unmistakeable features. Some individuals with dementia sub-consciously use various techniques to find their way. These include visualising their route through mental maps, route planning by using the same route every time, and they can follow symbols that are realistic and clear. Most individuals with dementia find it difficult to follow or understand the outdoor signs. A cluster of signs is very confusing and difficult to read and understand. People with dementia prefers straightforward, simple signs fixed to the wall. For example the post office sign is familiar and the colour is acceptable for people with colour agnosia. Another technique they tend to use in order to find their way is familiar landmarks and environmental features, such as the letterbox at the corner or a street cafà ©. It can happen that individuals with dementia get lost at times, that is d ue to confusion, disorientation, or distractions like sudden loud noise that causes a break in concentration (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). To achieve legibility in the outdoor environment, streets should be laid out on an irregular grid pattern, staggered and this will allow the connection of routes that is easy to understand. Forked and T-junctions decrease the amount of routes and offer focus points at the end of the roads (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). Distinctiveness Distinctive streets replicate the community’s character through the use of a variety of features, colours, forms and materials that provide the buildings and streets with their own character and identity. It is essential for people with dementia to follow a route with a variety of local styles, shapes, sizes, and colour that will help them maintain concentration. They prefer a visit to the parks that presents them with mix activities such as enough seating, greenery, and public art (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). To achieve distinctiveness and to help dementia people find their way in the outdoor environment it is important to provide interesting and understandable places, use landmarks, and environmental features. Firstly, make use of aesthetic features such as water pumps, attractive gardens, hanging baskets, fountains, and trees. Secondly, use practical features for example street furniture that includes familiar letter boxes, red K6 telephone box, bus shelters, and safe public seating (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). Accessibility Accessibility states to which degree the local streets empower people with any physical, mental, or sensory impairment to reach, enter, and walk to places they wish to visit. Older people, including people with dementia are no longer able to drive on their own or to use any public transport. Their trips are limited, due to their personal capabilities, to local places within walking distance for their homes. With the decline of their mobility they cannot walk fast or far distances and they struggle to cope in crowded places because they need enough space on the walkways. Level changes also create barriers for frail people, similarly ramps or steps are a challenge for people with mobility problems (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). To attain accessibility for frail people, they should preferably live no more than 125m from the nearest post box or telephone with 2m wide pathways and no more than 500m from crucial services and facilities. There should also be public seating every 100m to 125m (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). Comfort Comfort for older people and people experiencing permanent incapacity can include streets that allow them to visit places of their choice without any mental or physical agitation, it provides them with a welcoming and calm feeling (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). To achieve a comfortable environment the streets must be designed in a way that it is welcoming, quiet, open, and accessible by providing enough public seating, shelter, and toilets. The seating must preferably be a wooden seat with arm and back rests. Bus stops should provide shelter, with transparent sides and flat seats of non-slippery material that do not conduct cold or heat (Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004). Safety Safety is a critical characteristic of a friendly environment for dementia people, they have to be able to move around without fear of tripping, falling, being run-over, or attacked. Safe streets will be well-lit, wide, plain, level, non-slippery, non-reflected, and smooth footways with isolated bicycle lanes and in front of building entering ways (Blackman et al., 2010, Burton Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el., 2004) The above principles outline the design guidelines to a more outdoor friendly environment for people with dementia. Burton and Mitchell (2006) also provides 65 recommendations and by using these it will support the design and re-design of an easy to use and welcoming neighbourhood. To summarise, it is clear that people with dementia, at least during their mild to moderate stages, can still maintain their ability to cope independently and any regular mental and physical exercise is essential to maintain their self-respect, independence, and their quality of life as seen in the vignette. That is why it is so important to us to ensure that the outdoor environment is accessible, open, and safe for people with all stages of dementia. If this cannot be achieved the environment out there becomes a scary and frightening world for people with dementia. Although, the neighbourhood environment is not dementia friendly at present there is positive improvements and pressure from Government, through the Prime Minister’s Challenge on dementia. Importantly, the research project identified six principles of a dementia friendly environment that can be used for future planning and implementations. This will ensure that all new developments that take these principals into consideration will be in line with suggested and prescribed rules that cater for a safe and accessible environment for people with dementia.

The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance

The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance, a time of global appreciation for the black culture, was a door opening for African American women. Until then, African Americans, let alone African American women, were neither respected nor recognized in the artistic world. During this time of this New Negro Movement, women sculptors were able to connect their heritages with the present issues in America. There is an abundance of culture and history to be learned from these sculptures because the artists creatively intertwine both. Meta Warrick Fuller and Edmonia Lewis, two of the most popular sculptors of this time, were able to reflect their native heritages and the dynamics of society through their artwork. Meta Warrick Fuller and Edmonia Lewis were two of the most renowned women sculptors during this time. Fuller and Lewis’ pieces showed how they connected with the social happenings of the time as well as portraying their African roots. Often their subjects were chosen to serve as a political mission or statement as to their feelings of societal issues. Often their subjects were chosen to serve as a political mission or statement as to their feelings of societal issues. Their sculptures support the idea that these women were products of living within a contact zone. As artists began to gain recognition in the artistic world, they continually represented what it meant to be black in America. Personalities and individualism were displayed through their work while simultaneously portraying the political, social, and economic conditions of being black. This idea runs parallel with Mary Louise Pratt’s (1990) definition of a contact zone. She defines it as a "term to refer... ...central rather than peripheral in the forging of a more liberating and intelligent visual culture in the United States" (p. 37). Works Cited Jackson, P. (1992). (in)Forming the Visual: (re)Presenting Women of African Descent. International Review of African American Art. 14 (3), 31-7. Kleeblatt, N. (1998). Master Narratives/Minority Artists. Art Journal, 57 (3), 29. Powell, R. (1998). Art of the Harlem Renaissance. American Art Review, 10 (2), 132-137. Pratt, M. (1990). Arts of the Contact Zone. Richardson, M. (1995). Edmonia Lewis’ The Death of Cleopatra Myth and Identity. African American Art. 12(2), 36-52 Savannah, G. (1998). African American Women Sculptors. American Art Review, 10, 162-5. Scwartz, B. (1997). African-Americans in the Visual Arts: A Historical Perspective. http://www.cwpost.linet.edu/cwis/library/aavaahp.htm

Life Support Essay

The issue of sustaining life by medical technology is complicated by uncertainty as to when death actually occurs. Is it when breathing ceases, the heart stops beating, or brain activity is no longer evident? Medical support can keep a body breathing after meaningful signs of human life have ceased. There are individuals who seemingly have died, only to be resuscitated within minutes of interrupted heartbeat or breathing. Some who have been so resuscitated and kept alive with life support have recovered and returned to live normal lives. Others have not. Questions arise in these instances: How long should one try to hold on to life, especially when suffering persists and the quality of life is at question? When is our appointed time to die? Although most people may think of ventilators when they hear the words â€Å"life support machine,† there are many other types of machines used to sustain one’s life. The type of life support machine used depends on the medical condition of the patient and the reasons for the use of life support machines. Patients with life threatening illnesses may make the choice to use life support machines while they are still of sound mind and capable of making their own decisions. There are four main types of life support machines. The first is a ventilator, which forces air into the lungs of a patient who cannot breathe on her own. The second type is a pacemaker which is used for those who have irregular heartbeats, or for those who suffer from an abnormality of the blood vessels. Next, there are dialysis machines, which are most commonly used for patients who suffer from renal (kidney) failure. A ventilator works by forcing warm, oxygenated air into the lungs while removing carbon dioxide. A plastic tube is inserted through the mouth and into the trachea, and is then hooked up to the ventilator which monitors every breath of the patient while regulating the air pressure at which the patient receives the air. Pacemakers are used most frequently for those who suffer from an irregular heartbeat or rhythm. They are surgically inserted below the skin, and emit electrical impulses that remind the heart to beat normally. Dialysis machines are used for both short and long term use, sometimes as a temporary measure to maintain the patient’s health until they can receive a kidney transplant or to prolong and provide a quality of life for people who are not transplant candidates. Hemodialysis is often used three times a week to help cleanse the blood and remove the build-up of deadly toxins. Hemodialysis machines work by removing the patients blood, running it through the machine to cleanse it, and then pumping it back into the patient. This process happens simultaneously with the use of a shunt. Life support machines enable patients to survive for a period of time while their body is recovering from a specific illness or injury. They benefit patients who only need them for a short time as well as people who are attempting to maintain quality of life for the long term. Life support machines are also beneficial in the event that the patient is deemed â€Å"brain dead. † In these circumstances, the organs continue to receive oxygen-rich blood flow to keep them functioning until they can be removed for transplantation. Many believe that life support machines are used only for those who are comatose or critically ill. They are however, also used for those who have a life threatening disease or injury, such as paralysis, who are attempting to maintain a normal life. A perfect example of this is Christopher Reeve. He relied on a ventilator to breathe for him a majority of the time, and before his death, was still able to lead a productive life. Many also believe that life support systems are used only in a hospital. Again, this is not true. The use of noninvasive ventilators are becoming more popular for those who wish to live at home. Patients who receive dialysis are able to reside at home while visiting a dialysis treatment center on scheduled days.

How Do Teenagers My Age Manage Their Time - 908 Words

School: Queen’s Royal College Registration Number: 160046 Candidate Name: Jonathan Martin Candidate’s Registration No.: Title of Study: Social Studies Problem Statement- How do teenagers my age manage their time and to what extent does it negatively affect their academic performance? Reason for selecting area of research- I want to perform this research to compare the way I Manage my time to how others, my age, manage their time and see how their time management affects their academic performance. This problem affects me as I don’t manage my time very well. Method of investigation- I have used the questionnaire to pin point different areas of time management. There are sixteen (16) questions in this questionnaire. The questionnaire should be used because it is easy to distribute, they can be distributed to a large number of people even if they are dispersed, it is not costly to produce a large number of questionnaires, data can be easily summed up and it saves the researcher time since a large number can be administered at the same time. Questionnaire Age: Form: Never Almost never Sometimes Regularly Most times I put off tasks that are difficult or don’t like. ☠ ☠ ☠ ☠ ☠ I use goal setting to decide which tasks I should work on. ☠ ☠ ☠ ☠ ☠ I work late at night. ☠Show MoreRelatedIs Children Foster Care A Vulnerable Population At Risk?955 Words   |  4 Pagesbiggest when children faces those who ‘age out’ of foster care what are does pro and con of facing another part of the world along. How those children get affected with the change in their lives and how independent they could be to start a big a change like and how challenges they will faces. I would describe the professional or societal issue and I will also explain how the issue arouses my passion as a human services professional. One way to manage the goal in terms of social change, leadershipRead MoreGetting A Job As A Teenager1453 Words   |  6 Pagescritical, busy time can lead to many benefits throughout one’s teenage years and throughout the rest of one’s life. Working as a teenager can teach a person to have the skills needed to be successful as an adult searching for a career and be an overall better person . Having a job during this time, can additionally, help show one what path he/she wants to go in life. Juggling all of the responsibilities as a teenager can be overwhelming. There are many disadvantages to having a job as a teenager like notRead MoreSocial Relationships in Childhood1360 Words   |  6 PagesParticipant #1 Age: 14 Gender: Female 1. What were your friendships like while growing? Did this change from elementary school to middle and then to high school? If so, how? I am in high school now (9th grade) and a lot has changed over the years. I had friends that I was forced to hang out with and some that just grew with me and now we are in same school or classes. 2. Tell about a time when your friends’ opinions were different than your parents’ and how you felt about itRead MoreCivic Duties of Teenagers1459 Words   |  6 PagesQuinn Bailey 3/4/2013 Civic Duties of Teenagers Introduction Civic duty is the obligation to each of us to leave our community in a better condition than we found it. Every person in our country has rights, and with those rights come responsibilities. That is what civic duty is, your rights and responsibilities that help contribute to society. Every single day we perform these tasks to help better our country as a whole. Teenagers have a huge role in this circle, whether they believe it or notRead MoreWhat People Learn At A Very Young Age?1224 Words   |  5 Pagesin the classroom, they also can learn many things about life through their experiences outside of school. If children spend most of their extra time watching television or playing video games, they are only passively involved in the world around them. What people learn at a very young age will affect their development and help shape their future. While times have changed and fewer children are expected to work in today’s world, adults who have worked as children will become more productive citizensRead MoreWhy Did I Choose?850 Words   |  4 Pageswasn’t my first choice in the beginning. I came to a different university when I first came to U.S. Then, something big happened in my life and made me choose this school. Maybe, it was fortunate that I came to Lindenwood, and now almost everything is connected to this school. In the beginning, I didn’t really like Lindenwood, but this school did change my mind, and I am happy that I chose this school. First, I arrived here in U.S to Iowa, Upper Iowa University, as a 17 year old teenager, who wereRead MoreEssay about Can a Job Really Change Your Life?667 Words   |  3 Pages Imagine yourself as a teenager, how it would feel to have your first job? For a teenager like me having a job means that you have marked your transition from childhood to adulthood. It also means that you are independent and do not have to rely entirely on your family for money. During the summer I made several hundred dollars a week by working. Getting my paycheck every two weeks felt so rewarding because I was making money on my own. Towards the end of my freshman year, I received an emailRead MoreTeen Driving Persuasive Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesworth the next one hundred y’all could’ve had? Was finding that certain emoji worth not being able to send it? Was your anger and lack of patience to get to your destination worth not getting there at all? Most people are distracted at least half the time when driving; whether it be a phone, trying to change the radio station, drinking, eating, reaching down in the seat, or simply having a conversation with the passenger. It’s not expected for someone to be absolutely silent when driving. The worldRead MoreTaking a ook at Teen Pregnancy744 Words   |  3 Pagessocial problem I have chosen to write about is teen pregnancy. My family has experienced teen pregnancy with my cousins as well as myself. With all my cousins who became teenage mothers they all failed to either graduate from high school or once they did graduate or earn their GEDâ€℠¢s they failed to go to college. Every single one them was also on welfare. In my particular situation I was not on welfare and did complete high school on time, although I did attend college for only one semester, I did notRead MoreMy Personal Statement On My Life843 Words   |  4 Pagesi was younger my parents wanted me to not work until i was done with high school. At that time i was totally with them. I had it clear in my head that i wasn t going to work till i was eighteen. Every time i needed money i had it because of my parents. My mom always wanted me to focus on school and school to be my only priority. I told them i was totally okay with that because i also thought that if i worked and went to school i wouldn t do good in school. As the youngest child my parents expected